starkid wrote:
That "the average person can only hold 7 items in working memory" figure is completely meaningless without specification of how much each unit contains. It could be 7 digits or 7 sentences, which would most likely require significantly different amounts of working memory.
It isn't because what constitutes a unit depends on what a person already knows. A sentence might be a single unit if it's a famous quote somebody is already very familiar with or it might be several units (one for each word) if it's something they've never heard before or it might be just a couple of units if they can condense part of the sentence down to a single unit.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_TwoQuote:
Miller concluded that memory span is not limited in terms of bits but rather in terms of chunks. A chunk is the largest meaningful unit in the presented material that the person recognizes—thus, what counts as a chunk depends on the knowledge of the person being tested. For instance, a word is a single chunk for a speaker of the language but is many chunks for someone who is totally unfamiliar with the language and sees the word as a collection of phonetic segments.
The key here is "chunking". What each unit contains is going to be different for different people because people chunk according to their knowledge base.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_(psychology)Quote:
Presumably, individuals that exhibit the "chunking" process in their responses are forming clusters of responses based on the items' semantic relatedness or perceptual features. The chunks are often meaningful to the participant.
A competitive chess player can likely chunk whole sequences of moves because the sequences repeat if you play often enough and many of the sequences even have names. But an infrequent player can only hold a single move as a unit of information rather than a chunked sequence.
Solving the OP's logic problem without writing a chart to keep track is way beyond what most people can hold in working memory. If you write a chart you only have to keep a couple facts in working memory at a time. Once you record them in the chart you can boot them out of working memory to make room for the next sentence worth of clues. But I suppose people who do these sorts of problems frequently can start to chunk the clues because there is probably a pattern that the problem creators follow that becomes apparent after multiple problems and that can be used to create chunks.