johnnyh wrote:
I don't know how to define empathy, but the proof is there that the parts of the brain utilized by neurotypicals when socializing or reading cues does not function the same way or even less in autistics!
It's not the neurological differences, or differences in brain activation, that's at issue. Yes, these differences exist and can be detected and measured. It's the interpretation of those differences.
Reading social cues ≠ empathy.
I would base this on a couple of points:
1. Most social cues are culturally determined and need to be learned. Most people learn the cues of their home culture while growing up and, much like language or reading, they become innate. However, when people are go outside their home culture, they miss or misinterpret the social cues and commit assorted faux pas.
In Dr. Tony Attwood's
The Complete Guide to Asperger's Syndrome he has a section on moving to another culture in which he comments that a number of aspies emigrate and live in other cultures where their social clumsiness is treated much more tolerantly, being regarded as due to their being from a foreign country.
It is also possible to learn the social cues of another culture, just as it's possible to learn another language. Or several other languages.
2. The claims made for empathy go far beyond reading social cues. In fact, the vast majority of definitions and descriptions don't even mention social cues. They emphasis features that are much more fundamental than culture and which would be expected to function on a universal level, irrespective of cultural differences.
To an extent this is the case. People — including those on the spectrum — can recognize broad emotional states, such when someone is angry or sad or happy, but miss subtler expressions or the sort that are communicated by social cues when dealing with individuals from another culture. However, the claims for empathy go well beyond just being able to recognize broad emotional states.
If the argument is that the ability to automatically read social cues is the foundation on which empathy is built, then empathy is limited by all the same things that limit the reading of social cues. It cannot be universal, innate or a marker of humanity — all claims routinely made for it.