Neuroplasticity is the nervous system's capacity to grow and respond to its changing environment. This is a well documented fact, not something you can rationally "believe in" or "not believe in." While the brain and other parts of the nervous system display plasticity, this capacity is not infinite.
Neuroregeneration is the nervous system's ability to mitigate damage by repair, rerouting and regrowth. It's also a well established fact. A striking example was the case of James Brady, whose brain was badly damaged by a bullet during the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan:
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Although Brady survived, the wound left him with slurred speech and partial paralysis that required the full-time use of a wheelchair.[9] Kobrine, his neurosurgeon, described him as having difficulty controlling his emotions while speaking after the shooting, saying "he would kind of cry-talk for a while", and suffering deficits in memory and thinking, such as failing to recognize people. However, Kobrine said that 30 years later, Brady could walk and had recovered almost all speech and cognitive function.[10]
But these remarkable cases of neuroregeneration after traumatic injury and the underlying neuroplasiticity they evidence don't mean the central nervous system is infinitely malleable. It seems that traumatic brain injury is not a salient feature of most autism, so repair of injury is unlikely to impact autism symptoms, in most cases.
Instead of thinking that an autistic brain is a normal brain that has been injured and can be repaired (though in some cases this may be the case) it probably makes more sense to think of most autism as based in brains that have grown following a slightly different set of blueprints than those used for neurotypical brains. There is no damage to repair, there, although the normal operation of this differently wired brain may seem more or less defective from a typical viewpoint.
There can be little doubt that with the extremely rapid and continuously accelerating growth of medical knowledge and technology now ongoing, there will be a variety of novel therapies and treatments for troubling symptoms of autism aimed at all parts of the nervous system and neuroplasticity is likely to be a part of some of those treatments.
I find the idea of people tinkering with my brain scary, but I would like to not have some of the issues I do and if they find a way to improve the functioning of those areas of my brain I would want them to do that.
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Don't believe the gender note under my avatar. A WP bug means I can't fix it.