Ultimately conversion therapy is flawed because it based on the assumption that gay people are straight people who became gay. Which suggests that homosexuality is a learned behaviour that can be unlearned akin to overcoming a fear. It is common in conversion therapy settings to avoid using terms like gay or bisexual; instead opting to describe it as the acronym SSA (same sex attraction).
So we're left with a hypothesis: This person isn't gay, they're a straight person suffering from SSA
What causes SSA you may ask? Excellent question. Whatever reason the therapist says. You didn't get on with your mother when you were growing up? That's the reason. Not a fan of your dad? Oh wait, I changed my mind, that's why you're gay. Did you grow up in a loving household and your parents were great? No they weren't. You're clearly so traumatised that you're in denial.
If we were to take a scientific approach, then we would create a hypothesis based on observation and adapt it as we learn. We would study and peer review. However, that's not the case with conversion therapy. It starts out with a hypothesis and forces external information to fit into it, even if the information does not support the concept.
Aside from lacking in any scientific approach, there is also no concrete way to tell that the therapy was successful aside from the patient's word. Of course, a patient has plenty of reasons to lie. If the only way to escape the sessions is to say 'hey doc, I'm suddenly straight, can I go now?' then you're going to have an unreliable sample.
I could sit here and say 'the reason this person is gay is because they sat on a horse when they were ten'. Did this hypothetical person sit on a horse? Yes. Are they also gay? Boom. There you have it.
Yeah, it sounds foolish (because it is). My point being that correlation does not always equal causation. The fact that they sat on a horse is irrelevant to their homosexuality. Yet someone might try to argue that because I can't prove the horse isn't relevant, that it is a valid possible reason.
Personally if someone sat me down and tried to talk the gay out of me, I'd absolutely take the mickey. Unfortunately, many who find themselves in conversion therapy lack that self assurance (and conversion therapy isn't always just talk...electroshock comes to mind. I've heard some disturbing stories). Depression, self esteem issues and high suicide rates are the grim reality of this so-called therapy which isn't therapy at all. It's abuse.
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Support human artists!
Near the spectrum but not on it.