google has a "find my phone" option.
if the phone has a small trinkle of network connection or active GPS, it can activate the GPS antenna, sound and vibrate remotely, and give a location that is accurate to a few meters.
if there is no service whatsoever and the GPS is off (or simply a fully dead battery), you are out of luck, unfortunately.
if there is service in the area, but not of your provider, and the phone is still on, you can get a decent location as well (~100 meters accurate) from antenna triangulation using that service.
it all depends on the battery though, so using this ASAP is recommended, once the battery dies, you got only a few hours of 'life support' for the passive network antenna left to get a clue on the location